Vials: use clean, scratch-free vials; wipe them with silicone oil and always insert them in the same orientation.
Standards: calibration standards are not part of the standard delivery; order the set that matches the range.
Calibration: Formazin-based standards; the stored calibration can be reset to factory data.
Light source: 860 nm LED meets ISO 7027 (colour-independent); the tungsten lamp meets US EPA 180.1.
Calibration procedure: let the meter warm up; read the standards from the lowest to the highest concentration as prompted; then verify with a standard that the reading is within tolerance.
Good practice: avoid air bubbles, keep the outer vial wall dry and clean, do not shake standards vigorously, use standards within their expiry date and keep ambient light stable. Calibrate weekly in routine work or before critical tests, at least monthly at low use.